《天然》（20260423出版）一周论文导读—旧事—科学网
· 2026-08-08 07:31:31| 《天然》（20260423出版）一周论文导读 |
编译|李言
Nature,出版 23 April 2026, Volume 652 Issue 8111
《天然》2026年4月23日 ，第652卷 ，周论8111期
物理Physics
Continuously tunable coherent pulse generation in a semiconductor laser
半导体激光器的文导延续可调谐相干脉冲的生成
▲ 作者 ：Urban Senica, Michael A. Schreiber et al.
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10387-w
▲摘要 ：
研究者展示了一种单片集成半导体激光器。该激光器独霸微波驱动旗子记号，读旧沿全数激光腔体引进时空增益调制 ，事科从而产生发火群速度延续可调的学网腔内锁模脉冲，完成了从4GHz到16GHz的出版延续可调几回频率 。
在输进端，周论频域上产生发火模间距延续可调的文导光频梳 ，时域上则产生发火几回频率延续可调的读旧相干脉冲序列 。
这一下场为无缺可调谐的事科芯片级激光器和光频梳展平了路途 ，将惠及从根本研究到高分辨率光谱学、学网双光梳光谱学等多个局限。出版
▲ Abstract ：
Here we overcome this fundamental limit by demonstrating a monolithic semiconductor laser with a continuously tunable repetition rate from 4?周论GHz up to 16?GHz, by using a microwave driving signal that induces a spatiotemporal gain modulation along the entire laser cavity, generating intracavity mode-locked pulses with a continuously tunable group velocity. At the output, frequency combs with continuously tunable mode spacings are generated in the frequency domain, and coherent pulse trains with continuously tunable repetition rates are generated in the time domain. Our results pave the way for fully tunable chip-scale lasers and frequency combs, which will be advantageous for use in a diverse variety of fields, from fundamental studies to applications such as high-resolution and dual-comb spectroscopy.
化学Chemistry
Direct conversion from alkenes to alkynes
烯烃直接转化为炔烃
▲ 作者 ：Junhong Meng (蒙骏鸿), Yiqi Liang (梁亦奇) et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10372-3
▲摘要 ：
研究者展示了一种可收受领受的硒蒽试剂。该试剂可以在次要前提下介导烯烃脱氢生成炔烃 。文导
这类编制不单与经典离往基团兼容，也与敏感官能团相容 ，可用于宏壮炔烃的高效后期分化。
此外 ，该平台还完成了现有编制没法完成的Z/E烯烃构型翻转或分选 ，凸显了其在多样化下流衍生化中的潜力 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we report a recyclable selenanthrene reagent that mediates alkenes desaturation to alkynes under mild conditions. This method shows broad compatibility with both classical leaving groups and sensitive functional groups, enabling application late-stage in the efficient synthesis of complex alkynes. Moreover, this platform enables Z/E alkenes configuration inversion or sorting that are inaccessible with existing methods, highlighting its potential for diverse downstream derivatizations.
人工智能Artificial Intelligence
Outplaying elite table tennis players with an autonomous robot
机械人阻拦顶尖乒乓球选手
▲ 作者 ：Peter Dürr, Mireille El Gheche et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10338-5
▲摘要 ：
研究者斥地了Ace——如今首个能与人类精英乒乓球选手抵挡的主动琐细 。Ace经由过程基于义务视觉传感器的高速感知琐细 、基于无模型强化进修的独霸琐细和最进步先辈的高速机械人硬件 ，措置了物理及时交互中的挑衅 。
在按正式比赛轨则与精英级和职业级选手的对战中 ，Ace掉落踪掉落踪了多场成功 ，并揭显露晃荡还击高速 、强改削球的身手。
这些下场突显了物理AI智能体在宏壮及时交互使射中的潜力 ，预示着在需求疾速 、精准人机交互的局限具有更普及的独霸前景 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we present Ace, to our knowledge the first real-world autonomous system competitive with elite human table tennis players. Ace addresses the challenges of physical real-time interaction through a new, high-speed perception system using event-based vision sensors4, and a new control system based on model-free reinforcement learning, as well as state-of-the-art high-speed robot hardware. Evaluated in matches against elite and professional players under official competition rules, Ace achieved several victories and demonstrated consistent returns of high-speed, high-spin shots. These results highlight the potential of physical AI agents to perform complex, real-time interactive tasks, suggesting broader applications in domains requiring fast, precise human–robot interaction.
地舆学Astronomy
Non-equilibrium condensation of the first Solar System solids
太阳系最早固体物质的非均衡凝集
▲ 作者：Sébastien Charnoz, Jér?me Aléon et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10257-5
▲摘要 ：
在此 ，研究者验证了“球粒陨石前驱体经由过程动力学非均衡凝集构成”的假说 。
独霸新斥地的时分依托凝集模型 ，研究者展示了改削冷却速度和压力仅会产生发火三种矿物学圭表类型 。偏离均衡前提会招致矿物学性质向更氧化和更含水的标的方针演变。
将料想的矿物学圭表类型投影到Urey-Craig图解时 ，其氧化恢复外形接近顽火辉石球粒陨石 、深化球粒陨石和碳质球粒陨石 。
这一下场注解 ，球粒陨石的矿物学多样性大年夜大年夜约部分回响终局域凝集动力学过程 ，为氧化前提的除夜标准改削假说供给了更调性诠释 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we test the hypothesis that chondrite precursors formed via kinetic non-equilibrium condensation. Using a new time-dependent condensation model, we show that varying the cooling rate and pressure produce only three types of mineralogies. Departure from equilibrium yields increasingly oxidized and hydrous mineralogies. When projected into a Urey–Craig diagram, the predicted mineralogical types fall close to the redox states of enstatite, ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites. These results suggest that the mineralogical diversity of chondrites may reflect, in part, local condensation kinetics, offering an alternative to large-scale variations of oxidation conditions.
生物学Biology
Pre-incision structures reveal principles of DNA nucleotide excision repair
切割后筹划揭穿DNA核苷酸切除修复的事理
▲ 作者 ：Eric C. L. Li, Jin搜刮引擎优化k Kim et al.
▲链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10122-5
▲摘要 ：
研究者展示了ATP酶驱动和病变依托的DNA泡构成的下场法度圭表类型和原子筹划，和双暗语无缺NER因子的列举 。近30个碱基对的DNA解旋次要依托于双链DNA转位酶XPB和双链离开因子XPA和XPF 。
XPD与毁伤链连络 ，而XPF位于5′ds-ss邻接处 。XPF仅在XPG连络至3′ds-ss结后 ，才调对毁伤链举办切割 。
XPF的ERCC1亚基促进DNA链分袂并招募RPA至非毁伤链 。这些创作创造为人类疾病的病因和进步化疗疗效的埋伏靶点供给了深切不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅定见 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we report the functional steps and atomic structures of the ATPase-driven and lesion-dependent DNA bubble formation and arrangement of the complete NER factors for dual incision. The unwinding of nearly 30?base pairs of DNA depends mainly on the double strand DNA translocase XPB and the duplex dividers XPA and XPF. XPD binds the lesion strand with XPF at the 5′ ds-ss junction. XPF cuts the lesion strand only after XPG binds the 3′ ds-ss junction. The ERCC1 subunit of XPF facilitates DNA strand separation and recruitment of RPA to the non-lesion strand. These findings provide insights on the causes of human diseases and potential targets for enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy.
古生物学Paleontology
A chelicera-bearing arthropod reveals the Cambrian origin of chelicerates
携带螯肢的节肢植物揭穿螯肢植物的冷武纪劈脸
▲ 作者：Rudy Lerosey-Aubril & Javier Ortega-Hernández
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10284-2
▲摘要 ：
研究者在此描摹并定名了库斯托巨螯虫（新属新种） ，一种产自犹他州中冷武统的除夜型软躯体节肢植物 。
该物种具有宏除夜的三节型螯肢 ，五对具双分支筹划的前体附肢（其外肢叶为非叶片状） ，和带有板状叶片的后体附肢 。贝叶斯法与繁复法琐细发育分化将库斯托巨螯虫分析为螯肢植物干群成员 ，它补偿了冷武纪哈贝尔类与后冷武纪具螯肢联壳鲎类。
这一创作创造为冷武纪存在除夜型捕食性螯肢植物供给了切实其实证据 ，阐了然其身材构型的劈脸 ，并确认了哈贝尔类 、莫利索尼类和很大年夜大年夜约的除夜附肢类均属于螯肢植物总群的成员 。
▲ Abstract ：
Here we describe Megachelicerax cousteaui gen. et sp. nov., a large soft-bodied arthropod from the middle Cambrian of Utah featuring massive three-segmented chelicerae, along with five pairs of pseudobiramous prosomal limbs with non-foliaceous exopodal rami, and plate-like lamellae-bearing opisthosomal appendages. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses resolve Megachelicerax as a stem-group chelicerate bridging Cambrian habeliids and post-Cambrian chelicerae-bearing synziphosurines. This finding provides unequivocal evidence of large predatory chelicerates in the Cambrian, illuminates their body plan’s origin, and confirms habeliids, mollisoniids and probably megacheirans as members of total-group Chelicerata.
编辑|方圆
排版|志海
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